Identity Resolution Settings

Configure Identity Graph rules

Before you connect a source to Unify, Segment recommends that you first review the default Identity settings and configure custom rules as needed. Segment applies configuration updates to all new data flowing through the space after you save your changes. As a result, if this is your first time setting up your Identity Graph, Segment recommends that you get started with a Dev space in the Space Setup docs.

ExternalIDs

Segment creates and merges user profiles based on externalIDs used as identifiers. You can view these externalIDs in the Identities tab of a User Profile in the Profile explorer.

By default, Segment promotes the following traits and IDs in track and identify calls to externalIDs:

You’ll notice that these identifiers have the Default label next to it under Identifier Type.

To create your own custom externalID, click Add Identifier, and add the following:

• Identifier Name
• Value Limit
• Blocked Values

These custom identifiers must be sent in the custom externalIds field in the context object of any call to the Segment API. The four fields below are all required:

The following example payload adds a custom phone externalID type:

analytics.track('Subscription Upgraded', {
   plan: 'Pro',
   mrr: 99.99
}, {
  externalIds: [
    {
      id: '123-456-7890',
      type: 'phone',
      collection: 'users',
      encoding: 'none'
    }
  ]
})

Segment recommends that you add custom externalIDs to the Identity Resolution table before events containing this identifier flow through the space. Once an event with a new type of externalID flows into the space, the externalID is automatically added to the table if it wasn’t manually added. When the externalID is automatically added, it defaults to the preset priority and limit, as explained below.

Flat matching logic

When a new event flows into Unify, Segment looks for profiles that match any of the identifiers on the event.

Based on the existence of a match, one of three actions can occur:

1: Create a new profile When there are no pre-existing profiles that have matching identifiers to the event, Segment creates a new user profile.

2: Add to existing profile When there is one profile that matches all identifiers in an event, Segment attempts to map the traits, identifiers, and events on the call to that existing profile. If there’s an excess of any identifier on the final profile, Segment defers to the Identity Resolution rules outlined below.

3: Merge existing profiles When there are multiple profiles that match the identifiers in an event, Segment checks the Identity Resolution rules outlined below, and attempts to merge profiles.

One common example of a use-case that can cause inaccurate merges is the Shared iPad setup. For example, many companies now have iPads available in-store for customers to register for an account or submit order information. If different users submit information on the same device, there will now be multiple events sent with the same deviceID. Without Identity Resolution rules in place, Segment might see all these different users merged into the same user profile based on this common identifier.

Segment’s three Identity Resolution rules allow Identity Admins to block incorrect values from causing incorrect merges, to set the maximum number of values allowed per externalID, and to customize the priority of these externalIDs.

Identity Resolution rules

The following rules exist to increase the likelihood that identities are resolved correctly.

Blocked values

Segment recommends that you proactively block certain values from being used as identifiers. While these values will remain in the payload on the event itself, they are not promoted to the externalID object Segment uses to determine user profiles.

This is important when developers have a hard-coded value for fields like user_id during QA or development that then erroneously makes it production. This can cause hundreds of profiles to merge incorrectly and can have costly consequences when these spaces are already feeding data into a production email marketing tool or push notification tool downstream.

In the past, certain default values cause large amounts of profiles to merge incorrectly. Segment suggests that for every externalID, customers opt into automatically blocking the following suggested values:

Before sending data through, Segment also recommends adding any default hard-coded values that your team uses during the development process, such as void or abc123.

Limit

Identity Admins can specify the total number of values allowed per identifier type on a profile during a certain period. For example, in the image below, the anonymous_id field has a limit of 5 Weekly.

This will vary depending on how companies define a user today. In most cases, companies rely on user_id to distinguish user profiles and Segment defaults to the following configurations:

Specific cases may deviate from this default. For example, a case where a user can have more than one user_id but one email, like when shopify_id and an internal UUID define a user. In this case, an example configuration may be:

When you choose the limit on an identifier, ask the following questions about each of the identifiers you send to Segment:

1. Is it an immutable ID? An immutable ID, such as user_id, should have 1 ever per user profile.
2. Is it a constantly changing ID? A constantly changing ID, such as anonymous_id or ga_client_id, should have a short sliding window, such as 5 weekly or 5 monthly, depending on how often your application automatically logs out the user.
3. Is it an ID that updates on a yearly basis? Most customers will have around five emails or devices at any one time, but can update these over time. For identifiers like email, android.id, or ios.id, Segment recommends a longer limit like 5 annually.

Priority

Segment considers the priority of an identifier once that identifier exceeds the limit on the final profile.

For example, consider a Unify space with the following Identity Resolution configurations:

A profile already exists with user_id abc123 and email jane@example1.com. A new event comes in with new user_id abc456 but the same email jane@example1.com.

If this event maps to this profile, the resulting profile would then contain two user_id values and one email. Given that user_id has a limit of 1, this exceeds the limit of that identifier. As a result, Segment checks the priority of the user_id identifier. Because email and user_id are the two identifiers on the event and email ranks lower than user_id, Segment demotes email as an identifier on the incoming event and tries again.

At this point, the event searches for any profiles that match just the identifier user_id abc456. Now there are no existing profiles with this identifier, so Segment creates a new profile with user_id abc456.

By default, Segment explicitly orders user_id and email as rank 1 and 2, respectively. All other identifiers are in alphabetical order beginning from rank 3. This means that if the identifiers sent with events flowing into profiles are user_id, email, anonymous_id, and ga_client_id, the rank would be as follows:

If a new android.id identifier appeared without first giving it explicit order, the order would automatically reshuffle to:

If you require an explicit order for all identifiers, configure this in the Identity Resolution settings page before sending in events.

When choosing the priority of your identifier, ask the following questions about each of the identifiers you send to Segment:

1. Is it an immutable ID? Give immutable IDs, such as user_id, highest priority.
2. Are they unique IDs? Give Unique IDs such as email higher priority than possibly shared identifiers like android.id or ios.id.
3. Does it temporarily identify a user? Identifiers such as anonymous_id, ios.idfa, and ga_client_id are constantly updated or expired for a user. Generally speaking, rank these lower than identifiers that permanently identify a user.